John Wayne: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Steve Zmijewsky, Boris Zmijewsky, and Mark Ricci, The Complete Films of John Wayne (1983, reissued 1995); Randy Roberts and James S. Olson, John Wayne, American (1995, reissued 1997); Ronald L. Davis, Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne (1998); Emanuel Levy, John Wayne: Prophet of the American Way of Life (1988, reissued 1998).
Researcher's Note
Most published sources refer to John Wayne’s birth name as Marion Michael Morrison. Wayne’s birth certificate, however, gives his original name as Marion Robert Morrison. According to Wayne’s own statements, after the birth of his younger brother in 1911, Wayne’s parents named the newborn Robert Emmett and changed Wayne’s name from Marion Robert to Marion Michael. It has also been suggested by several of Wayne’s biographers that Wayne’s parents actually changed his birth name from Marion Robert to Marion Mitchell. In Duke: The Life and Times of John Wayne, (1985) Donald Shepherd and Robert Slatzer state that when Wayne’s younger brother was born, “the Duke’s middle name was changed from Robert to Mitchell. . . . After he gained celebrity, Duke deliberately confused biographers and others by claiming Michael as his middle name, a claim that had no basis in fact.”
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: NPR - John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence. | Aug 01, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Jun 07, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | May 22, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - Late Night Live - John Wayne, cinematic legend. | Mar 26, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cambridge Scholars Publishing - John Wayne and Ideology (PDF). | Apr 15, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: NPR - John Wayne: Icon Of America's Booming Confidence. | Dec 11, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 15, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 22, 2022 | ||
| Added cross-references. | Apr 30, 2020 | ||
| Add new Web site: California Museum - John Wayne. | Apr 24, 2019 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Jun 27, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of John Wayne. | Feb 14, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: AllMovie - John Wayne. | Jun 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Matinee Classics - Biography of John Wayne. | Jun 25, 2013 | ||
| A scene from McLintock! (1963) added. | Jun 17, 2011 | ||
| Added photograph. | Mar 04, 2011 | ||
| Article revised. | Feb 24, 2005 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 19, 2002 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |