Jeff Flake

Jeff Flake (born December 31, 1962, Snowflake, Arizona, U.S.) is an American Republican politician who represented Arizona in the U.S. Senate (2013–19). He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (2001–13). In 2021, Flake became the U.S. ambassador to Turkey.

Flake grew up on his family’s cattle ranch in Snowflake, an Arizona town cofounded in 1878 by his great-great-grandfather, William Jordan Flake, and Erastus Snow, both prominent Mormons. After graduating from high school, Flake undertook a Mormon mission in Africa, learning Afrikaans, and then attended Brigham Young University, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in international relations (1986) and a master’s degree in political science (1987). During that time, Flake married, and he and his wife, Cheryl, later had five children.

After graduation, Flake worked in public affairs in Washington, D.C., before becoming executive director of the Foundation for Democracy in Namibia, which monitored that country’s transition to independence (1990) from South Africa. Flake and his family lived in Namibia from 1989 to 1990. In 1992 Flake became executive director of the Goldwater Institute, a lobbying and research organization that was based in Phoenix, Arizona. The group had strong ties to the libertarian wing (and later to the Tea Party wing) of the Republican Party, and Flake subsequently became active in party politics.

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In 2000 Flake was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from a congressional district encompassing the predominantly Mormon East Valley area of metropolitan Phoenix. After taking office the following year, he was a consistent opponent of nonmilitary federal spending programs, earning high ratings from organizations such as the American Conservative Union for his opposition to earmarks. He also took a strong interest in immigration issues, serving on the House Judiciary Committee until being removed by the Republican leadership in 2007. Flake claimed the move was punishment for his going against the party by supporting immigration reform. He also broke with most Republicans when he voted to repeal “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” in 2010. He adopted a more-conservative stance on same-sex marriage and abortion, both of which he opposed.

In 2012, following Jon Kyl’s announcement that he was retiring, Flake ran for the U.S. Senate and defeated former U.S. surgeon general Richard Carmona in the general election. Shortly after taking office in 2013, Flake saw his approval ratings plummet when he voted against background checks on all buyers of commercial guns; the vote came two years after Gabrielle Giffords, a fellow politician from Arizona, had been shot during a meeting with constituents. On other issues, he notably supported normalizing U.S. relations with Cuba.

During the 2016 presidential election, Flake refused to endorse Donald Trump, the Republican nominee and eventual winner. The following year he became increasingly critical of both Trump and the Republican Party, and he outlined his complaints in Conscience of a Conservative: A Rejection of Destructive Politics and a Return to Principle (2017). Trump, in turn, called the senator “toxic” and met with Flake’s potential challengers in what was expected to be a difficult reelection bid. In October 2017 Flake announced that in 2018 he would not seek a second term, questioning whether he had a place in the current Republican Party. He also rebuked Trump, claiming that his “reckless, outrageous, and undignified behavior” was “dangerous to a democracy.” Flake, a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, made additional news in 2018 during the confirmation hearings of Trump’s Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh. After sexual-assault allegations against Kavanaugh surfaced, Flake was instrumental in securing an FBI investigation into the accusations. Although there was criticism concerning the inquiry’s limited scope, the information obtained played an important role in ultimately persuading several undecided senators, including Flake, to vote for Kavanaugh, who was confirmed 50–48 in October 2018. However, Flake later refused to support any of Trump’s judicial nominees unless the Senate voted on a measure to protect special counsel Robert Mueller and his investigation into possible Russian interference in the U.S. presidential election of 2016. The move effectively prevented any of the nominees still before the judiciary committee from advancing to the Senate floor. Flake left the Senate in January 2019.

The following year he supported Democrat Joe Biden in the presidential election. Biden ultimately was victorious—the states he won included Arizona—and Flake spoke out after Trump and others made unfounded allegations of widespread voter fraud. In 2021 Flake was censured by Arizona’s Republican Party, accused of having “abandoned true Republican values.” Later that year Biden appointed him ambassador to Turkey, and Flake was confirmed by the Senate in October.

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