James Thomson

…Fourneyron’s design, notably those of James Thomson (about 1851) and James B. Francis (1855), using radial flow inward. Water turbines, used originally for direct mechanical drive for irrigation, now are used almost exclusively to generate electric power. See also hydroelectric power.

Improved control was proposed by James Thomson, a Scottish engineer, who added coupled and pivoted curved guide vanes to assure proper flow directions even at part load.

… (1855) and the Scottish engineer James Thomson (1876). So far as is known, Maxwell never actually built a working model of his invention, which he called a platometer, but Thomson’s principle was not only applied in planimeters but adapted by his brother, the physicist William Thomson (later 1st Baron Kelvin),…