Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu
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Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu was the last ruler of the Khwārezm-Shāh dynasty, reigning from 1220 to 1231. The Khwārezm-Shāh dynasty ruled in Central Asia and Iran, initially as vassals of the Seljuqs and later as independent rulers. The dynasty's founder, Anūštegin Gharachākh, was appointed governor of Khwārezm around 1077.1
Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu's reign was marked by conflict with the Mongol Empire. He was defeated by Genghis Khan's forces in 1220, and his territories were eventually conquered by the Mongols in 1231. Khwārezm itself was a historic region in Turkistan, later ruled by various dynasties including the Mongols and Timurids.12
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AfghanistanThe Mongol invasion…al-Dīn’s death, his energetic son Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu rallied the Afghan highlanders at Parwan (modern Jabal os Sarāj), near Kabul, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Mongols under Kutikonian. Genghis Khan, who was then at Herāt, hastened to avenge the defeat and laid siege to Bamiyan. There Ṃutugen, the…
Read More…al-Dīn’s death, his energetic son Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu rallied the Afghan highlanders at Parwan (modern Jabal os Sarāj), near Kabul, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Mongols under Kutikonian. Genghis Khan, who was then at Herāt, hastened to avenge the defeat and laid siege to Bamiyan. There Ṃutugen, the…
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AnatoliaSeljuq expansion…conflict with the Khwārazmian adventurer Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu out of eastern Iran by the Mongols of Genghis Khan. Unsuccessful in his attempts to resist the Central Asian conqueror, Jalāl al-Dīn had taken up the life of a freebooter fighting against the Muslim rulers of Iran, Anatolia, and Syria. In 1230…
Read More…conflict with the Khwārazmian adventurer Jalāl al-Dīn Mingburnu out of eastern Iran by the Mongols of Genghis Khan. Unsuccessful in his attempts to resist the Central Asian conqueror, Jalāl al-Dīn had taken up the life of a freebooter fighting against the Muslim rulers of Iran, Anatolia, and Syria. In 1230…
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