Jack Kerouac: References & Edit History

Jack Kerouac and Joyce Johnson, Door Wide Open: A Beat Love Affair in Letters, 1957–1958 (2000), reprints letters between Kerouac and his girlfriend Joyce Glassman (later Johnson) that were written during the critical time that On the Road was published. Johnson had previously written the memoir Minor Characters (1983), about her time with the Beats, and later wrote the biography The Voice Is All: The Lonely Victory of Jack Kerouac (2012). Jack Kerouac, On the Road: The Original Scroll, ed. by Howard Cunnell (2007), reproduces the unrevised 1951 draft and includes four introductory essays. Jack Kerouac, Selected Letters, 1940–1956 (1995), and Selected Letters, 1957–1969 (1999), both ed. by Ann Charters, include correspondence with friends, family, and others that provides the historical data behind Kerouac’s “true-life” novels. Jack Kerouac, Windblown World: The Journals of Jack Kerouac, 1947–1954, ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2004), makes clear that Kerouac’s extensive journals are a valuable accompaniment to his art. Jack Kerouac, Book of Haikus, ed. by Regina Weinreich (2003), is a collection of Kerouac’s experiments in the traditional Japanese poetic genre; its introductory essay explains Kerouac’s influence on modern American haiku poets and illuminates Kerouac’s use of his carefully crafted haiku in his prose.

By the turn of the 21st century, no biography had brought Kerouac fully to life. Ann Charters, Kerouac: A Biography (1973, reissued 1994), is the first of a dozen biographies; it is distinguished in that Charters is the only biographer to have interviewed Kerouac. She was, however, denied access to archival material. Other biographies informed by interviews with key Beat figures include Barry Gifford and Lawrence Lee, Jack’s Book (1978, reissued 2005); Dennis McNally, Desolate Angel (1979, reissued 2003); and Gerald Nicosia, Memory Babe (1983, reissued 1994). Ellis Amburn, Subterranean Kerouac (1998), is informed by Kerouac’s letters but complicated by Amburn’s assessment of Kerouac’s sexuality. Paul Maher, Jr., Kerouac: The Definitive Biography (2004), makes use of Kerouac’s journals.

Allen Ginsberg, “The Great Rememberer (1972)” and “Kerouac’s Ethic (1990),” in his Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays, 1952–1995, ed. by Bill Morgan (2000), pp. 348–357 and 358–372, respectively, are first-rate insightful analyses by a fellow Beat poet. Tim Hunt, Kerouac’s Crooked Road: The Development of a Fiction (1981, reissued 1996), is a pioneering critical study, the first to examine the relationships between the various versions and variations of On the Road, including Visions of Cody. Regina Weinreich, The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac (1987, reissued as Kerouac’s Spontaneous Poetics, 2002), the first full-scale study of Kerouac’s “spontaneous bop prosody,” explores the relationship of jazz to The Legend of Duluoz. John Tytell, Naked Angels: The Lives & Literature of the Beat Generation (1976, reissued as Naked Angels: Kerouac, Ginsberg, Burroughs, 2006), is an early study of Kerouac and other seminal Beat figures, with analytic and biographical essays. Isaac Gewirtz, Beatific Soul: Jack Kerouac on the Road (2007), is an extensively researched account of Kerouac’s life and career based upon the archives held in the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of the New York Public Library.