…sect was chiefly established by Ḥusayn ibn Ḥamdān al-Khaṣībī (died 957 or 968) during the period of the Ḥamdānid dynasty (905–1004), at which time Alawites had great influence in Aleppo. With the fall of Shiʿi rule, however, Alawites became the victims of persecution. They were ill-treated by waves of Crusaders,…
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