Hugo Chávez: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Alberto Barrera Tyszka and Cristina Marcano, Hugo Chávez, trans. by Kristina Cordero (2007), is an objective biography by two Venezuelan journalists. Bart Jones, ¡Hugo!: The Hugo Chávez Story from Mud Hut to Perpetual Revolution (2007), is a well-researched but overly sympathetic biography by a former Newsday reporter. Douglas E. Schoen and Michael Rowan, The Threat Closer to Home: Hugo Chávez and the War Against America (2009), provides a compelling, albeit at times speculative, look at Chávez’s radical roots and his long-term agenda. Brian A. Nelson, The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela (2009), examines Venezuela’s social and political divisions through the lens of the 72-hour coup d’état in 2002. Rory Carroll, Comandante: Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela (2013), provides an analysis of the methods by which Chávez gained and maintained power. Richard Gott, In the Shadow of the Liberator (2000; reissued as Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, 2005), is a romanticized account of Chávez’s life with an emphasis on the history of the revolutionary left in Latin America. Understanding the Venezuelan Revolution: Hugo Chávez Talks to Marta Harnecker, trans. by Chesa Boudin (2005); and Aleida Guevara, Chávez, Venezuela and the New Latin America: An Interview with Hugo Chávez (2005), are transcriptions of extended interviews with Chávez.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Brian A. Nelson
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: CBC News - Chavez, Maduro, and the making of Venezuela. | Sep 19, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Jul 24, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: CBC News - Chavez, Maduro, and the making of Venezuela. | Apr 09, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Mar 01, 2026 | ||
| Added a top question. | Jan 04, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC Listen - Hugo Chavez, the unlikely president. | Sep 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Montclair State University Digital Commons - The Legacy of Hugo Chávez (PDF). | Jun 20, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 11, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: CNN World - Hugo Chavez Fast Facts. | Dec 06, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Al Jazeera - Hugo Chavez. | Oct 30, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC News - Analysis: How Hugo Chavez changed Venezuela. | Jun 24, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 24, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: PBS - Frontline World - Hugo Chavez Comes to Power. | Dec 06, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Council on Foreign Relations - Venezuelas Chavez Era. | Apr 06, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: NPR - Hugo Chavez: The Legacy Of A Polarizing Leader. | Sep 02, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: ThoughtCo. - Biography of Hugo Chavez. | Apr 05, 2018 | ||
| Changed title of the "Assessment" section to "Legacy." | Nov 15, 2017 | ||
| Added a description of Nicholás Maduro's role as Chávez's successor. | Oct 17, 2017 | ||
| Bibliography revised. | Oct 17, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: Globalsecurity.org - Biography of Hugo Chavez. | May 26, 2017 | ||
| Replaced photograph. | Feb 08, 2017 | ||
| He died on March 5, 2013. | Mar 05, 2013 | ||
| Added mention of Chávez's fourth cancer operation in Cuba in December 2012 and of the Supreme Court's ruling in January 2013 that his inauguration could be delayed. | Jan 11, 2013 | ||
| Added description of Chávez's re-election in October 2012. | Oct 08, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Lewis-Clark State College - Biography of Hugo Chavez Frias. | Nov 21, 2011 | ||
| Added mention of surgery in June 2011 to remove a cancerous tumour from Chávez and of two return trips to Cuba for follow-up treatment. | Aug 08, 2011 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Nov 20, 2009 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised. | Nov 20, 2009 | ||
| Updated to include results of February 2009 referendum. | Feb 18, 2009 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jun 11, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 19, 2007 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 16, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Oct 13, 2004 | ||
| New article added. | Sep 18, 2003 |