How did Frederick I become duke of Swabia?

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Medieval manuscript miniature showing Frederick I as a crowned crusader holding an orb and scepter, with Henry of Schaftlarn kneeling and presenting a book to him. — Frederick I Frederick I as a Crusader with (right) Henry of Schäftlarn dedicating to him a copy of the *History of the First Crusade* by Robert of St. Remy; miniature from a manuscript in the Vatican Library.

The first Hohenstaufen duke of Swabia was Frederick I (died 1105), who was appointed to the position by Emperor Henry IV in 1079. Frederick I of Hohenstaufen earned this appointment as a reward for his fidelity to the emperor, specifically for his support against the rebellion of Rudolf of Rheinfelden, who had been set up as a rival German king.12

It is important to distinguish this figure from his grandson, Frederick I Barbarossa, who later became Holy Roman emperor. Frederick Barbarossa became the duke of Swabia by succeeding his father, Frederick II, in 1147.1234