(reigned 1424β25), Xuande (1425β35), and Hongzhi (1487β1505) emperors were nevertheless able and conscientious rulers in the Confucian mode. The only serious disruption of the peace occurred in 1449 when the eunuch Wang Zhen led the Zhengtong emperor (first reign 1435β49) into a disastrous military campaign against the Oirat (western Mongols).β¦
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