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Hank Ballard
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Quick Facts
Original name:
John Henry Kendricks
Born:
November 18, 1927, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Died:
March 2, 2003, Los Angeles, California (aged 75)
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Hank Ballard

American musician
Also known as: John Henry Kendricks
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Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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History

Hank Ballard (born November 18, 1927, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.—died March 2, 2003, Los Angeles, California) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer and songwriter best remembered for songs that were frequently as scandalous as they were inventive, most notably the salacious “Work with Me Annie” (1954). He also wrote “The Twist” (1959), which sparked a dance craze in the United States.

Other members of the Midnighters

Ballard grew up in Alabama but returned to his birthplace when he was a teenager, and there he worked at an automobile-assembly plant before joining the vocal group that would record for Federal and King Records first as the Royals and then, more successfully, as the Midnighters.

Although he was responsible for “The Twist,” a crossover sensation when later covered by American Bandstand stalwart Chubby Checker, Ballard’s popularity was confined primarily to a wildly appreciative Black audience that made the Midnighters a hit on the Chitlin Circuit (music venues that attracted African American audiences). “Work with Me Annie”—which prompted a raft of answer songs, most notably “Roll with Me Henry” by Etta James—was opposed by radio programmers who disapproved of its “explicit lyrics.” However, it and the similarly criticized “Sexy Ways,” “Annie Had a Baby,” and “Annie’s Aunt Fannie” were Top Ten rhythm-and-blues hits for the Midnighters in 1954. Later hits include “Finger Poppin’ Time” and “Let’s Go, Let’s Go, Let’s Go” (both 1960).

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Both the gospel phrasing with which Ballard infused his high tenor and the scorching guitar of the Midnighters’ backing band played important roles in the development of rock and roll. Ballard pursued a solo career after 1963, performing regularly with the James Brown Revue. After years of relative obscurity, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990; the Midnighters were inducted in 2012.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by René Ostberg.