Guillermo Endara Galimany

Although the opposition civilian candidate, Guillermo Endara, appeared to win by a 3-to-1 margin, Noriega annulled the vote, declared his own puppet candidate the victor, and had Endara and other opponents beaten in the streets. President Bush dispatched 2,000 additional soldiers to U.S. bases in the Panama Canal Zone, and…

…by a wide margin by Guillermo Endara, the opposition civilian candidate. In addition to overturning the results of the election and installing a former classmate, Francisco Rodríguez, as a puppet president, Noriega had Endara and his supporters beaten in the streets. The Organization of American States (OAS) responded by calling…

…presidential election of May 1989, Guillermo Endara Galimany and his two vice presidents won by a wide margin, but their supporters then suffered brutal physical assaults by Noriega’s forces, an event widely reported by the international press. Noriega canceled the election results. This only exacerbated popular and international discontent with…