Quick Facts
Baptized:
Sept. 10, 1713, Corringham, Lincolnshire, Eng.
Died:
June 8, 1772, London
Awards And Honors:
Copley Medal (1747)
Subjects Of Study:
magnet
compass
Britannica AI Icon
Adding us as a Preferred Source tells Google you trust our content, so our articles show up more often in your Google Search, Discover feed, and AI Overviews.
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites

Gowin Knight (baptized Sept. 10, 1713, Corringham, Lincolnshire, Eng.—died June 8, 1772, London) was an English scientist and inventor whose work in the field of magnetization led to significant improvements in the magnetic compass.

In 1744 Knight exhibited powerful bar magnets before the Royal Society of London, proving that he had discovered a greatly improved method of magnetizing steel. Knight then turned his attention to the compasses used by mariners. He found the needles to be crudely magnetized and inaccurate and suggested the now common rhomboidal shape and an improved suspension. After experimentation by the Royal Navy, his new compass became standard and remained so for almost a century.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Discover the fascinating events that shaped the world, straight from our editors.
By clicking “Sign Up”, you consent to the Britannica Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.