Giovanni Maria Visconti

…reign of his elder son, Giovanni Maria (1388–1412), under whom Gian Galeazzo’s conquests were lost and many Lombard cities reverted to local lords. Described by contemporaries as incompetent and morbidly cruel, perhaps insane, Giovanni Maria was assassinated by conspirators in 1412.

…son, the vicious and incompetent Giovanni Maria Visconti (duke 1402–12), was incapable of restoring the dynasty’s fortunes. With the accession of Giovanni’s brother, Filippo Maria Visconti (duke 1412–47), however, a new era of Visconti expansion dawned. By 1422 Filippo Maria had restored the family’s Lombard possessions. Thenceforward, until the middle…