Giacomo Antonelli

Giacomo Antonelli (born April 2, 1806, Sonnino, Papal States—died Nov. 6, 1876, Vatican City) was a cardinal and secretary of state to Pope Pius IX. Though he was never ordained as a priest, Antonelli was created cardinal by Pius in 1847 and became premier (1848) of the Papal States, which were then governed for the first time by a democratic constitution. After his own and succeeding governments had fallen and the revolutionary situation at Rome...