Francis: References & Edit History
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Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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René Ostberg
René Ostberg is an associate editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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Matt Stefon
Matt Stefon was a religion editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. He earned B.A. degrees in English and American studies from the Pennsylvania State University and an M.A. in religion and literature and an M.T.S. in philosophy, theology, and ethics (comparative religious ethics) from Boston University, where he also completed coursework toward a doctorate in comparative theology and American religious history. A native of the Northeast, Stefon was born and raised in Pennsylvania and educated both there and in Massachusetts, where he also taught college English and philosophy and ran a writing center. He is interested in the literature and folklore of the Anthracite mining fields and of New England. His more "scholarly" pursuits include American Transcendentalism, Confucian and neo-Confucian thought, Daoism, process philosophy and theology, the transmission of Asian religions in the United States, and the intersection of religion with literature and other arts.
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revised head levels and top questions and added cross-references. | Jun 30, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Apr 17, 2026 | ||
| Added a cross-reference. | Apr 07, 2026 | ||
| Added links and a top question. | Mar 09, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: EWTN - Francis - Pontifical Years. | Feb 03, 2026 | ||
| Anniversary information added. | Dec 13, 2025 | ||
| Added a cross-reference. | Oct 22, 2025 | ||
| Corrected display issues. | Jun 05, 2025 | ||
| Added reference to importance of papal names. | May 09, 2025 | ||
| Added cross-reference to most-influential popes. | Apr 24, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 22, 2025 | ||
| Added top questions. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Fixed display issue. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Updated with his death on April 21, 2025. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Added the cause of his death and noted his last public message. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Updated, adding âWho am I to judgeâ quotation. | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Added a cross-reference to Laudato si' and updated the length of his hospitalization in 2025. | Mar 03, 2025 | ||
| Added his responses to the Trump administration's immigration policies and his February hospitalization. | Feb 20, 2025 | ||
| Mentioned his autobiography, Hope, his historic appointment of a woman to lead a department of the Roman Curia, and his record on homosexuality and the traditional Latin mass. | Jan 14, 2025 | ||
| Noted the closing of the Synod on Synodality. | Oct 28, 2024 | ||
| Added his encyclical Dilexit nos. | Oct 25, 2024 | ||
| Corrected verb tense in first sentence and updated photo captions. | Aug 17, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | May 07, 2024 | ||
| Corrected display issue and replaced a photo. | Mar 29, 2024 | ||
| Added media. Mentioned Francis's quote from 2013 about the Catholic Church as a field hospital and his revision to the Roman Missal in 2016 regarding Maundy Thursday observance. | Mar 28, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Jan 30, 2024 | ||
| Updated with life events from 2019 through 2023. | Jan 11, 2024 | ||
| Corrected factual error and added mention of Lumen fidei. | Nov 14, 2023 | ||
| Media added. | Apr 24, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Holy See - Francis. | Aug 16, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - The Life and Ministry of Pope Francis - Key Events Before His Papacy. | Sep 24, 2021 | ||
| Added an image of Pope Francis washing the feet of men and women migrants in 2016. | Feb 18, 2020 | ||
| Mentioned his 2019 trip to the United Arab Emirates. | Feb 07, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: Archdiocese of Washington - Biography of Pope Francis. | Dec 14, 2018 | ||
| Mentioned the revision of the catechism to fully reject the death penalty. | Aug 02, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: CNN World - Pope Francis Fast Facts. | Jul 20, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: ThoughtCo. - Pope Francis: 'The Word of God Precedes the Bible'. | May 04, 2018 | ||
| Changed article title from Francis I to Francis. | Nov 17, 2016 | ||
| Article revised to mention Francis's apostolic exhortation Amoris Laetitia ("The Joy of Love"). | Apr 15, 2016 | ||
| Revised to mention Francis's statements about sexuality, abortion, poverty, and the persecution of religious minorities; his encyclical on the environment, Laudato si; and his 2015 U.S. visit. | Feb 29, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: ReligionFacts - Biography of Pope Francis. | Feb 09, 2015 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised and updated. | May 07, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Catholic Reporter - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Catholic Reporter - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of the Vatican City State - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of the Vatican City State - Pope Francis. | Apr 24, 2013 | ||
| New article added. | Mar 13, 2013 |
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