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Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel
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Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel

American educator
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Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree....
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Emma Jacobina Christiana Marwedel (born Feb. 27, 1818, Münden [near Göttingen], Ger.—died Nov. 17, 1893, San Francisco, Calif., U.S.) was a German-born educator who was instrumental in promoting the kindergarten movement in the United States. Marwedel was of a family of some social standing. The deaths of her parents during her childhood left her without means, however, and she early had to earn her own support. Nothing is known of the education that prepared her...

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