Émeric Crucé

Émeric Crucé (born c. 1590—died 1648) was a French writer, perhaps a monk, and a pioneer advocate of international arbitration. Crucé’s principal work, Le Nouveau Cynée (1623; The New Cyneas of Émeric Crucé, 1909), in which he represented himself in the peacemaking role of Cineas at the court of King Pyrrhus (319–272 bc) of the Molossians, called for a permanent assembly of princes or their delegates to arbitrate international disputes. As envisioned by Crucé, such a body would rely on moral pressure, employing sanctions only rarely, to enforce settlements. It would include the nations of Asia and Africa as well as those of Europe. Crucé was also an early proponent of free trade.