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Edward Kelley was an English alchemist and spirit medium who worked with John Dee, an occultist and advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. Kelley claimed to be able to communicate with angels and engaged in scrying, a form of divination often involving crystal gazing. He and Dee traveled together, attempting to receive divine messages. While Dee was a respected mathematician and scholar, Kelley's background included a conviction for counterfeiting. Dee's belief in Kelley's spiritual communications may have been misplaced, as Kelley might have been deceiving him.12

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