Dan Graham

Dan Graham (born March 31, 1942, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.—died February 19, 2022, New York) was an American artist whose work addressed such notions as the dual role of the viewer (or audience) as both perceiver and perceived. To that end, he employed performance art, mirrors, video art, architecture, and other media to examine aspects of the human gaze and the individual’s role in society.

Graham grew up in Westfield, New Jersey. As a teenager, he was an avid reader and was heavily influenced by writers of the French nouveau roman, or New Novel, including Alain Robbe-Grillet and Michel Butor. Graham moved to New York City in 1963 and began a career as a writer; his texts addressed a wide variety of topics, including art, architecture, television, music, and self-awareness. The following year he cofounded and directed the John Daniels Gallery, which exhibited the works of conceptual and minimalist artists such as Sol LeWitt, Robert Smithson, and Donald Judd. Graham closed the gallery in 1965 because of insolvency and began instead to make art himself. He explored systematic repetition in the conceptual works March 31, 1966 (1966) and Schema (March 1966) (1966–67) and again in a series of photographs of suburban American housing, Homes for America (1966–67).

During the 1970s Graham delved into film and video performances featuring actors, including himself, in what he termed pavilions—steel, essentially roomlike architectural structures featuring two-way reflective-glass mirrors intended to allow individuals to view themselves as others viewed them. He often repurposed these performances in works such as Opposing Mirrors and Video Monitors on Time Delay (1974; 1993)—which used videos, wall mirrors, and partitions to confuse the spatial sense of the observer—and Performer/Audience/Mirror (1977).

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In the 1980s Graham began to explore art in its social context. His examination of modern art themes and popular culture—as evidenced in his video documentary Rock My Religion (1982–84), which focused on rock-and-roll culture—gained him somewhat of a cult following among younger artists.

Graham’s works were featured in several important exhibitions, including Public/Private (1994), which opened at the Moore College of Art and Design in Philadelphia. Dan Graham, Works 1965–2000, a major retrospective, opened in 2001 at the Museu Serralves in Porto, Portugal, and in 2009 Graham received his first significant American retrospective, Dan Graham: Beyond, organized by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in collaboration with the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York.

In 2002 Graham completed the commissioned Yin/Yang Pavilion at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2004 he collaborated with the rock group Japanther and the artists Laurent P. Berger, Rodney Graham, Bruce Odland, and Tony Oursler on the rock opera Don’t Trust Anyone over Thirty, which featured puppets, live music, sound recordings, and video projections. Graham continued to create pavilions into the 21st century, and in 2009 he completed Crazy Spheroid: Two Entrances, originally designed for the New York Botanical Garden and later acquired by the deCordova Sculpture Park and Museum, Lincoln, Massachusetts.

Graham also published several collections of essays, including Rock My Religion, 1965–1990 (1993) and Two-Way Mirror Power: Selected Writings by Dan Graham on His Art (1999).

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