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Benedict XV (born Nov. 21, 1854, Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia—died Jan. 22, 1922, Rome) was the pope from 1914 to 1922. After graduating from the University of Genoa, he studied for the priesthood in the Collegio Capranica in Rome and entered the papal diplomatic service, later spending four years in Spain before being employed in the department of the secretary of state (1887). Pope Pius X made him archbishop of Bologna, (1907), and cardinal (1914)....