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Andriyan Nikolayev (born September 5, 1929, Shorshely, Chuvashiya, U.S.S.R. [now in Russia]—died July 3, 2004, Cheboksary, Chuvashiya, Russia) was a Soviet cosmonaut, who piloted the Vostok 3 spacecraft, launched August 11, 1962. When Vostok 4, piloted by Pavel R. Popovich, was launched a day later, there were, for the first time, two crewed craft in space simultaneously. The two made radio and visual contact, but there was no attempt at docking. Both landed on August...