Baitūrsynūly, along with Älihan Nūrmūhamedūly Bökeihan (Alikhan Bukeikhanov), Mırjaqyb Dülatūly, and, later, Mağjan Jumabayev (Magzhan Zhumabayev), represented the cream of Kazakh modernism in literature, publishing, and cultural politics in the reformist decades before Sovietization set in after 1920. All these figures disappeared into Soviet prisons and never returned,…
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