Albrecht Altdorfer
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Albrecht Altdorfer (born c. 1480ādied Feb. 12, 1538, Regensburg [Germany]) was a German painter, printmaker, and draftsman who was one of the founders of landscape painting.
Altdorfer spent most of his life in Regensburg, becoming a citizen in 1505 and in later years serving as official architect of the city and a member of its inner council. He was the guiding spirit of the Danube school of painting. His early figure paintings show a growing preoccupation with landscape, until in āSt. George and the Dragonā (1510) the knight is practically overwhelmed by the primeval forest in which he performs his feat. With the āRegensburg Landscapeā (c. 1522ā25) and other works, Altdorfer painted the first pure landscapesāi.e., landscape scenes containing no human figures whatsoeverāsince antiquity. His favourite subject was the leafy and impenetrable forests of Germany and Austria. He was also among the first to depict sunset lighting and picturesque ruins in twilight. Several of his altar panels in the Church of St. Florian near Linz, completed in 1518, depicting the Passion of Christ and the martyrdom of St. Sebastian, are night scenes in which he exploited the possibilities of torch light, star light, or twilight with unusual brilliance. Altdorferās masterpiece, the āBattle of Alexander at Issusā (1529; Alte Pinakothek, Munich), is both a battle scene of incredible detail and a highly dramatic and expressive landscape.
The fantastic element that pervaded Altdorferās paintings was also prominent in his drawings, most of which were done in black with white highlights on brown or blue-gray paper. His engravings and woodcuts, usually miniatures, are distinguished by their playful inventiveness. Late in his career he used the new medium of etching to produce a series of landscapes.
