Aḥmad the Jalāyirid

…during the reign of Sultan Aḥmad Jalāyir, Timur (Tamerlane), a new conqueror from Central Asia, took Baghdad and Tikrīt. Aḥmad was able to reoccupy his capital briefly, but Timur again besieged and sacked Baghdad in 1401, dealing it a blow from which it did not recover until modern times. Timurid…

…1356–59, while the Timurids routed Aḥmad (reigned 1382), forcing him to leave Baghdad and seek the protection of the Mamlūks of Egypt until Timur’s death in 1405. The Kara Koyunlu (q.v.) Turkmens, initially in Jalāyirid service, eventually overwhelmed Azerbaijan and western Iran, executed Aḥmad (1410), and captured Baghdad.