• Third Reich

  / Hitler’s consolidation of power
• 9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler
• Mein Kampf
• Berchtesgaden
• Braunau
• dictatorship
• survival of the fittest

  / Eugenics
• Dorothy Thompson
• fascism

  / National fascisms
• How Did Adolf Hitler Die?
• Ludwig Beck
• Wilhelm Canaris
• Carl Goerdeler
• July Plot
• Claus, Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg
• Third Reich

  / The plot against Hitler
• Dietrich Bonhoeffer
• Eva Braun
• Today in History—May 26

  / The British and Allied Forces Escape at Dunkirk
• Munich

  / History
• Nazi Party
• Max Planck

  / Later life of Max Planck
• oratory
• nonfictional prose

  / Expository and argumentative modes
• Pan-Germanism
• Alois Hitler
• totalitarianism
• Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton
• Weimar Republic

  / Papen and Schleicher

• Werner von Blomberg
• Martin Bormann
• Josef Dietrich
• Friedrich Dollmann
• Karl Dönitz
• Friedrich Flick
• Joseph Goebbels
• Hermann Göring

  / Göring’s role in the rise of the Nazi Party
• Heinz Guderian
• Franz Halder
• Paul Hausser
• Martin Heidegger

  / Heidegger and Nazism
• Rudolf Hess
• Heinrich Himmler
• Paul von Hindenburg
• Alfred Jodl
• Ernst Jünger
• Wilhelm Keitel
• Albert Kesselring
• Günther von Kluge
• Walther Model
• Konstantin, baron von Neurath
• Franz von Papen
• Walther von Reichenau
• Hanna Reitsch
• Joachim von Ribbentrop
• Ernst Röhm
• Erwin Rommel

  / Normandy and conspiracy
• Gerd von Rundstedt
• Hans von Salmuth
• Kurt von Schleicher
• Albert Speer
• Gregor Strasser
• Julius Streicher
• Thyssen family

• Houston Stewart Chamberlain
• race

  / Gobineau’s Essay on the Inequality of Human Races
• Arthur de Gobineau
• Vienna

  / Evolution of the modern city

• Art market

  / The latter half of the 20th century
• automobile

  / European postwar designs

• Berlin

  / The republic and Hitler
• Germany

  / Years of crisis, 1920–23
• Germany

  / World War II

• Beer Hall Putsch
• Holocaust

  / Nazi antisemitism and the origins of the Holocaust
• Holocaust

  / Nazi antisemitism and the origins of the Holocaust
• Night of the Long Knives
• Reichstag fire

• Christmas Truce
• World War I

  / The Armistice

Writings and speeches

Hitler’s speeches have been collected by Max Domarus, Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, 1932–1945 (1990– ; originally published in German, 2 vol., 1962). Hitler’s words are also recorded in Secret Conversations, 1941–1944 (1953, reissued as Hitler’s Secret Conversations, 1941–1944, 1976; also published as Hitler’s Table Talk, 1941–44: His Private Conversations, 2nd ed., 1973). The first part of Mein Kampf, trans. from German by James Murphy, 2 vol. in 1 (1939, reissued 1981; originally published in German, 2 vols., 1925–27), is his autobiography. Hitler’s Secret Book (1961, reprinted 1986), is a translation of a manuscript dictated by Hitler in 1928.

Biographies

Biographical studies include Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris (1998, reissued 2000); Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, completely rev. ed. (1962, reissued 1995), also available in an abridged ed. with the same title (1971, reissued 1991); Joachim C. Fest, Hitler (1974, reissued 1992; originally published in German, 1973); Bradley F. Smith, Adolf Hitler: His Family, Childhood, and Youth (1967, reissued 1979); William Carr, Hitler: A Study in Personality and Politics (1978, reprinted 1986); Charles Bracelen Flood, Hitler: The Path to Power (1989), which traces Hitler’s life and politics through 1923; Konrad Heiden, Der Fuehrer: Hitler’s Rise to Power, trans. from German by Ralph Manheim (1944, reissued 1969; also published as The Führer, 1999), which deals with the period up to 1934; Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, 7th ed. (1995); and Sebastian Haffner, The Meaning of Hitler (1979, reissued 1997; originally published in German, 1978), a profound and well-written biographical essay. Eberhard Jäckel, Hitler in History (1984), briefly examines Hitler’s rise to power and military involvement; and John Lukacs, The Hitler of History (1997), is a study of the biography and biographers of Hitler.

Reminiscences

Reminiscences of Hitler include Otto Wagener, Hitler: Memoirs of a Confidant, ed. by Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. (1985, reissued 1987; originally published in German, 1978), recounting the memories of a Nazi Party official; and Gertraud Junge, Voices from the Bunker, ed. by Pierre Galante and Eugène Silianoff (also published as Last Witnesses in the Bunker, 1989; originally published in French, 1989), translating the memoirs of Hitler’s private secretary from 1943 to 1945.

Special topics

Other topics are dealt with in Harold J. Gordon, Jr., Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch (1972); Ernst Hanfstaengl, Unheard Witness (1957; also published as Hitler: The Missing Years, 1957, reissued, 1994), covering the years 1922–34; Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (1970, reissued 1997; originally published in German, 1969); Ian Kershaw, The “Hitler Myth”: Image and Reality in the Third Reich (1987, reissued 1989; originally published in German, 1980), discussing Hitler’s image as portrayed through German propaganda; and Richard F. Hamilton, Who Voted for Hitler? (1982); and Thomas Childers, The Nazi Voter (1983), analyzing his political support. Gerald Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution (1984, reissued 1994 with new documentation; originally published in German, 1982), reviews Hitler’s connection with the mass exterminations. Two important recent contributions are Brigitte Hamann, Hitler’s Vienna: A Dictator’s Apprenticeship (1999; originally published in German, 1996); and Fritz Redlich, Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet (1999), a medical and psychological history.