Adam Smith: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- classical economics
- English literatureShaftesbury and others
- EpicureanismEpicureanism and egoism in modern philosophy
- liberalismEconomic foundations
- political economyHistorical development
- Scottish EnlightenmentLegacy
- Western philosophyMaterialism and scientific discovery
- social scienceHeritage of the Enlightenment
- social scienceEconomics
- mass productionThe Industrial Revolution and early developments
- history of the organization of workMechanization
- beggar-thy-neighbor policy
- capital and interestThe classical theory of capital
- civil societyOrigins and development
- consumptionModifications to the standard framework
- Austrian school of economics
- division of labour
- capitalismHistory of capitalism
- economic systemFrom mercantilism to commercial capitalism
- feudalismOrigins of the idea
- free trade
- individualism
- international tradeLiberalism
- international tradeComparative-advantage analysis
- United KingdomWilliam Pitt the Younger
- invisible hand
- marketThe abstract nature of traditional market theory
- Western colonialismThe old colonial system and the competition for empire (18th century)
- political scienceEarly modern developments
- libertarianismSpontaneous order
- taxationPrinciples of taxation
- roadThe master road builders
- utility and valueCost-of-production analysis
- wage and salaryClassical theories
- defense economicsMeasuring the burden
Additional Reading
The complete works of Adam Smith have appeared in a definitive edition, The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith, 6 vol. in 7 (1976–83), including vol. l, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. by D.D. Raphael and A.L. MacFie (1976, reprinted 1984); vol. 2, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. by R.H. Campbell and A.S. Skinner, 2 vol. (1976, reprinted 1981); vol. 3, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, ed. by W.P.D. Wightman and J.C. Bryce (1980, reprinted 1982), which contains the interesting “The History of Astronomy”; vol. 4, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, ed. by J.C. Bryce (1983, reprinted 1985); and vol. 5, Lectures on Jurisprudence, ed. by R.L. Meek, D.D. Raphael, and P.G. Stein (1978, reprinted 1982). For the nonspecialist, Robert L. Heilbroner (ed.), The Essential Adam Smith (1986), offers fairly extensive readings and short discussions of Smith’s main works.
Among biographical works are Jesse Norman, Adam Smith: Father of Economics (2018); Ian Simpson Ross, The Life of Adam Smith (1995); John Rae, Life of Adam Smith (1895, reprinted 1990); William R. Scott, Adam Smith as Student and Professor (1937, reprinted 1965), containing various documents and correspondence, including “An Early Draft of Part of The Wealth of Nations”; and Dugald Stewart, Biographical Memoirs of Adam Smith…, vol. 10 (1811), in The Collected Works of Dugald Stewart (1854–60, reprinted 1994).
Donald Winch, Adam Smith’s Politics: An Essay in Historiographic Revision (1978), reinterprets Smith’s place in the history of economic and political thought; while Emma Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet, and the Enlightenment (2001), reconsiders the nature of Enlightenment thinking. Christopher J. Berry, Maria Pia Paganelli, and Craig Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith (2013), contains discussion by well-known scholars of various aspects of Smith’s work. Dennis C. Rasmussen, The Infidel and the Professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the Friendship That Shaped Modern Thought (2017), explores their personal and intellectual relationship.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Robert L. Heilbroner
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anniversary information added. | Jul 13, 2026 | ||
| Invalidated site: Carnegie Mellon University - Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist (PDF). | Jul 01, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC Religion and Ethics - The end of economics: Adam Smith as theologian. | Apr 17, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Online Library of Liberty - Adam Smith. | Oct 22, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Digital Commons at Trinity - Adam Smith and the History of Economic Thought: The Case of Banking (PDF). | Sep 13, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Open University - OpenLearn - The People on the Notes: Adam Smith. | May 16, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Carnegie Mellon University - Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist (PDF). | Mar 18, 2025 | ||
| Questions and answers added. | Feb 10, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Princeton University - The Biography of Adam Smith. | May 29, 2024 | ||
| First paragraph modernization. | Apr 23, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Libertarianism.org - Invisible Hand: A Biography of Adam Smith. | Mar 07, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Adam Smith. | Jan 26, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Gresham College - How would Adam Smith fix the financial crisis? | Oct 19, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Teach Democracy - Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations. | Aug 24, 2023 | ||
| Links added. | Jun 16, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Adam Smith�s Moral and Political Philosophy. | May 17, 2023 | ||
| Added cross-reference to Britannica article “Wealth of Nations, The.” | Feb 27, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Great Thinkers - Adam Smith, 1723 - 1790. | Nov 28, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: The History of Economic Thought - Adam Smith. | Sep 06, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Investopedia - Who was Adam Smith? | Mar 13, 2022 | ||
| Removed media. | Dec 22, 2021 | ||
| Article revised for clarity; bibliography revised and updated; cross-references to various articles added. | Dec 23, 2020 | ||
| Added cross-references. | Aug 12, 2019 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Jan 05, 2018 | ||
| Changed title of the "Assessment" section to "Legacy." | Nov 15, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 14, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: ScotlandsPeople - Biography of Adam Smith. | May 11, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Adam Smith. | Mar 28, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Education Scotland - Biography of Adam Smith. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Literature Network - Biography of Adam Smith. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Glasgow - Biography of Adam Smith. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Electric Scotland - Adam Smith. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of Adam Smith. | Dec 28, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Spartacus Educational - Biography of Adam Smith. | Nov 18, 2011 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Library of Economics and Liberty - Biography of Adam Smith. | Nov 18, 2011 | ||
| Added image of Adam Smith. | Aug 11, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Victorian Web - Adam Smith. | Apr 23, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of Adam Smith. |
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Apr 26, 2007 | |
| Added new Web site: Bized - Adam Smith. | Nov 23, 2006 | ||
| Bibliography revised. | Nov 17, 2006 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Nov 17, 2006 | ||
| Media added. | Nov 17, 2006 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised. | Nov 17, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Marxists Internet Archive - "The Theory of Moral Sentiments" by Adam Smith. | Sep 28, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Bibliomania - Adam Smith. | May 09, 2006 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |