Makhtumquli’s contemporaries included Abdulnazar Shahbende and Gurbanali Maghrupī. Shahbende, who studied in Khiva, was also a musician who performed his own works. He was famous for his destāns Gul-Bulbul; Shahbehrām, taken from classical Persian themes; and Khojamberdi Khan, which deals with the Turkmen response to Āghā Moḥammad Khān,…
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