ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muẓaffar
Quick Summary
\u02bfAbd al-Malik was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 685 to 705 CE. He is renowned for strengthening the Umayyad dynasty's administration and centralizing power in Damascus. A key achievement was his program of Arabization, making Arabic the official language of administration and introducing Arabic coinage across the empire.12
Under his rule, the Umayyad territory expanded significantly, reaching as far west as Spain and east into India. This expansion facilitated the spread of Islam and the Arabic language. \u02bfAbd al-Malik also re-established Umayyad rule after periods of internal strife and rebellion, unifying the Muslim community. He is also credited with initiating the construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.12
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