varnam

The term "varnam" refers to a type of completely composed piece in South Indian classical music, also known as Carnatic music. It is primarily performed at the beginning of a concert and serves as a warm-up for the musicians. Carnatic music, originating from southern India, is distinct from Hindustani music of the north, being more vocal-oriented and less influenced by Arab and Iranian traditions.12

Both Carnatic and Hindustani music are based on the principles of raga (melody) and tala (rhythm), but they have different repertoires and styles. Carnatic music features a vast number of composed pieces, with the kriti being a prominent form of devotional song. While improvisation is important, composed pieces like the varnam are integral to a performance.12