solid modeling

Modeling, in sculpture, is the technique of shaping pliable materials by hand to build up a form. This additive process is distinct from carving, which removes material. Common modeling materials include clay and wax, with hands and various tools used for shaping.1

Modeling allows for corrections during the creative process. While fired clay or preserved wax can be permanent, modeled works can also be reproduced in other materials like stone or metal through processes like casting. Modeled works can be preliminary sketches (bozzetti) or presentation models (maquettes) for larger projects.1