satire: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

The amount of writing on satire is vast. Classic studies include David Worcester, The Art of Satire (1940, reissued 1968), a study of rhetorical techniques available to the satirist; James R. Sutherland, English Satire (1958, reprinted 1967), a sound scholarly history; Alvin B. Kernan, The Cankered Muse: Satire of the English Renaissance (1959, reprinted 1976), valuable theory and criticism; Robert C. Elliott, The Power of Satire: Magic, Ritual, Art (1960), on the origins of satire in magic and its development into an art; Ronald Paulson, The Fictions of Satire (1967), a study of satire in fiction from Lucian to Swift; Ronald Paulson (compiler), Satire: Modern Essays in Criticism (1971), an authoritative and indispensable collection; Matthew Hodgart, Satire (1969; also published as Satire: Origins and Principles, 2010), a well-illustrated readable survey of satire in many forms and in many countries; and George A. Test, Satire: Spirit and Art (1991), a sweeping survey.

Other studies, cited to show the range of scholarship on satire, include Stephen E. Kercher, Revel with a Cause: Liberal Satire in Postwar America (2006); Jill E. Twark, Humor, Satire, and Identity: Eastern German Literature in the 1990s (2007); Darryl Dickson-Carr, African American Satire: The Sacredly Profane Novel (2001); Diana Donald, The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the Reign of George III (1996); Charles A. Knight, The Literature of Satire (2004); Guillermo E. Hernández, Chicano Satire: A Study in Literary Culture (1991); Ashley Marshall, The Practice of Satire in England, 1658–1770 (2013); and Kirk Freudenburg (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire (2005).

Article Contributors

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  • Robert C. Elliott
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: ABC listen - The Minefield - Is Satire an Ethical Form of Speech? Sep 24, 2026
Add new Web site: Dallas Baptist University - Characteristics of Satire. Dec 20, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Chichester`s Open Access Repository - British Satire, Everyday Politics: Chris Morris, Armando Lannucci, Charlie Brooker (PDF). Oct 11, 2025
Add new Web site: Bryant Digital Repository - Satire and Dissent: A Theoretical Overview (PDF). Jul 26, 2025
Add new Web site: Cambridge University Press - What is Satire? Aug 22, 2024
Add new Web site: BBC News - A Point of View: What's the point of satire? Jun 01, 2024
Add new Web site: Free Speech Center at Middle Tennessee State University - Satire and Parody. Sep 07, 2023
Add new Web site: Academia - Satire. May 13, 2023
Add new Web site: The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction - Satire. Mar 14, 2023
Add new Web site: K12 LibreTexts - Satire. Dec 10, 2022
Add new Web site: Oregon State University - College of Liberal Arts - What is Satire? || Definition & Examples. Sep 19, 2022
Add new Web site: Thanet Writers - Four Techniques of Satire. Apr 23, 2022
Media added. Mar 28, 2017
Bibliography revised. Mar 28, 2017
Article revised. Mar 28, 2017
Add new Web site: Literary Devices - Satire. Jan 10, 2017
Add new Web site: Fact Monster - Entertainment - Satire. Jan 21, 2011
Add new Web site: The Victorian Web - Satire. Jul 26, 2010
Article revised and updated. Nov 01, 2007
Article revised and updated. Jul 18, 2007
Article revised and updated. May 10, 2007
Article added to new online database. Aug 23, 1998
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