prepared piano

A prepared piano is a standard piano that has been modified by inserting objects like nuts and bolts between its strings. This alteration produces percussive and unique sound effects, ranging from buzzing and clanging to ringing timbres, while still allowing for melodic qualities.1

This technique was notably used by composer John Cage in his 1946-48 work, Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano. Cage's compositions explored the concept of "permanent emotions" as understood in Indian aesthetic theory, aiming to guide the listener toward tranquility. The prepared piano allows for a wide array of sounds beyond those of a traditional piano, pushing the boundaries of conventional Western music.12