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Édouard Manet: Olympia
Olympia, oil on canvas by Édouard Manet, 1863; in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
Peter van Evert/Alamy
Poem Scroll with Deer
Detail of Poem Scroll with Deer, calligraphy by Hon'ami Kōetsu and painting...
Seattle Art Museum, Washington. Photo courtesy Seiji Shirono, National Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo. Gift of Mrs. Donald E. Frederick. (51.127)
Linear pattern in Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin and Child with St. Anne
The interwoven linear pattern of Leonardo da Vinci's panel painting Virgin and...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Steven N. Kapusta
Leonardo da Vinci: The Virgin, the Child Jesus, and St. Anne
The Virgin, the Child Jesus, and St. Anne, oil on wood by Leonardo da Vinci,...
The Picture Art Collection/Alamy
Ratnasambhava
Ratnasambhava, the Dhyani Buddha of the south, surrounded by the eight mahabodhisattvas,...
Holle Verlag
Mark Rothko: Orange and Yellow
Orange and Yellow, oil on canvas by Mark Rothko, 1956; in the Buffalo AKG...
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, gift of Seymour H. Knox
Color wheels
(Left) Color wheel made up of the primary colors and their basic secondary and tertiary...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Berthe Morisot: Woman at Her Toilette
Woman at Her Toilette, oil on canvas by Berthe Morisot, 1875–80; in the...
The Art Institute of Chicago, Stickney Fund; reference no. 1924.127 (CC0)
Viewer observing Claude Monet's Water Lilies
Viewer observing Water Lilies, oil on canvas by Claude Monet, c. 1914–26;...
Photograph by CJ Nye. Museum of Modern Art, New York City, Mrs. Simon Guggenheim Fund. © 2008 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris
Color glazing and monochrome painting
An example of the early oil method of (left) color glazing a (right) monochrome painting.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Colored afterimages
If a person stares for about 30 seconds at the colored disk under a clear light and...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Optical color change
(Top) By complementary action, the same gray pigment will appear greenish when adjacent...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Emotive color relationships
An identical pattern of shapes may express a different emotional mood through each...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Detail of The Emperor Sha Jahan on Horseback
Detail of The Emperor Shah Jahan on Horseback, ink, opaque watercolor, and...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City; purchase, Rogers Fund and The Kevorkian Foundation Gift, 1955 (accession no. 55.121.10.21); www.metmuseum.org
Pablo Picasso: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, oil on canvas by Pablo Picasso, 1907; in the...
gwen
Movement of shapes in Morris Louis's painting Alpha-Phi
Opening out the picture space. The movement of shapes in Morris Louis's acrylic painting...
Courtesy of the trustees of the Tate, London; photograph, A.C. Cooper Ltd.
Virgin and Child
The flat pattern design of the anonymous Spanish panel painting Virgin and Child,...
Archivo Mas, Barcelona
Paul Cézanne: Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from the Bibémus Quarry
Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from the Bibémus Quarry, oil on canvas by Paul...
Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
Marriage chest
Renaissance cassone, gilded poplar with painted panel, from the Palazzo Strozzi,...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, John Stewart Kennedy Fund, 1913, (14.39), www.metmuseum.org
Sandro Botticelli: The Birth of Venus
The Birth of Venus, tempera on canvas by Sandro Botticelli, c. 1485; in...
Fine Art Images/age fotostock
Simone Martini: Christ Discovered in the Temple
Christ Discovered in the Temple, egg tempera on panel with gold leaf by...
Board of Trustees of the National Museums and Galleries in Merseyside (Walker Art Gallery Liverpool)
Simone Martini: detail of The Annunciation
Detail of The Annunciation, tempera on wood by Simone Martini and Lippo...
© Photos.com/Getty Images
Ajanta, Maharashtra, India: Cave I fresco
Fresco of a court scene from Cave I, Ajanta, Maharashtra, India, 600–700 ce.
V. Panjabi/Shostal Associates
Lascaux cave: Hall of Bulls
Hall of Bulls, Lascaux cave, Dordogne, France.
Heritage Image Partnership/Alamy
Giotto: St. Francis of Assisi Receiving the Stigmata
St. Francis of Assisi Receiving the Stigmata, fresco attributed to Giotto,...
© Fine Art Images—Heritage Images/Getty Images
Raphael: School of Athens
Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, detail from School of Athens,...
Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York
Michelangelo: The Creation of Adam
The Creation of Adam, detail of the Sistine Chapel ceiling fresco by Michelangelo,...
Scala/Art Resource, New York
Březnice Château: sgraffito
Detail of Renaissance sgraffito on the walls of the Březnice Château, Czech Republic.
Miaow Miaow
Frances Anne Hopkins: Canoe Manned by Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall
Canoe Manned by Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall, oil on canvas by Frances...
Library and Archives Canada (00001 1989-401)
Titian: Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve, oil on canvas by Titian, c. 1550; in the Prado, Madrid.
© Fine Art Images/Heritage Images—Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images
Leonardo da Vinci: Last Supper
Last Supper, wall painting by Leonardo da Vinci, 1495–98, after its restoration...
© Universal History Archive—UIG/Shutterstock.com
Albrecht Dürer: The Monumental Turf
The Monumental Turf, watercolor painting by Albrecht Dürer, 1503; in the...
Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna
J.M.W. Turner: The Lauerzersee with Schwyz and the Mythen
The Lauerzersee with Schwyz and the Mythen, pencil, pen, ink, and watercolor...
In a private collection
Hokusai: Woodcutter Gazing at Waterfall
Woodcutter Gazing at Waterfall (detail), ink and color on paper scroll by...
Stanford University Museum of Art, California, Stanford Family Collections (JLS.9263), cantorcollections.stanford.edu.
Honoré Daumier: At the Palais de Justice
At the Palais de Justice, gouache on paper by Honoré Daumier; in the Musée...
Musée du Petit-Palais, (PPD229), Musée des Beaux-arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris Musées (CC0)
Mummy portrait
Mummy portrait of a young girl, encaustic painting from Al-Fayyūm, Egypt, 2nd century;...
Giraudon/Art Resource, New York
Henri Matisse: Le Luxe II
Le Luxe II, casein painting by Henri Matisse, 1907–08; in Statens Museum...
Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen (KMSr76), open.smk.dk.
Bridget Riley: Fall
Fall, polyvinyl acetate paint on hardboard by Bridget Riley, 1963; in the...
Courtesy of the trustees of The Tate, London
Mary Cassatt: Mother Combing Sara's Hair (No. 1)
Mother Combing Sara's Hair (No. 1), pastel on paper by Mary Cassatt, 1901.
Bridgeman/Art Resource, New York
Napoleon
Napoleon, miniature painting on ivory by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1812; in the Metropolitan...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Gift of Helen O. Brice, 1942, 42.53.5; www. metmuseum.org
Endo period writing box with woodcutter design
Writing box with woodcutter design, black and gold lacquer on wood with mother-of-pearl...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929 (29.100.691), www.metmuseum.org
Navajo sand painting
Navajo sand painting, c. 1940; in the Denver Art Museum, Colorado. 115 x 111 cm.
Courtesy of the Denver Art Museum, Colorado
Kara Walker: African't
African't, cut paper on wall by Kara Walker, 1996; in the Broad Collection,...
© Biansho/Dreamstime.com
Silhouette portrait
Silhouette portrait by Charles Willson Peale; in the Library of Congress, Washington,...
Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Murals in the Tomb of Sennedjem
Murals depicting scenes from the afterlife, in the Tomb of Sennedjem, Thebes, Egypt....
Sylvain Grandadam/age fotostock
Fra Angelico: The Annunciation
The Annunciation, fresco by Fra Angelico, 1438–45; in the Museum of San...
SCALA/Art Resource, New York
Diego Rivera: detail of The Grand Tenochtitlan
Detail of The Grand Tenochtitlan, mural by Diego Rivera, in the National...
© Diego Grandi/Dreamstime.com
Nicholas Hilliard: A Young Man Among Roses
A Young Man Among Roses, watercolor miniature by Nicholas Hilliard, c. 1588;...
© Ann Ronan Picture Library/Photo 12—Universal Images Group/Getty Images
Aztec round dance
Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's...
Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago
Miniature from the Kalpa-sūtra
The aṣṭamaṅgalas, or eight auspicious Jaina symbols, seen above and below...
Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution, Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Nymph of the Luo River
Nymph of the Luo River, detail from ink and color on silk scroll traditionally...
Courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution, Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Sōtatsu: Genji monogatari: Miotsukushi
Genji monogatari: Miotsukushi, center detail of left screen of a pair of...
The Seikado Bunko Art Museum, Tokyo
Hollyhocks and cats
Hollyhocks and cats, ink and color on silk in the style of Ming dynasty artist Luo...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, From the Collection of A. W. Bahr, Purchase, Fletcher Fund, 1947 (47.18.38), www. metmuseum.org
Vernis Martin fan
Mother-of-pearl guards framing a Vernis Martin fan, French, early 18th century; in...
Courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; photograph, A.C. Cooper Ltd.
Robert Rauschenberg: Monogram
Monogram, combine painting (mixed media) by Robert Rauschenberg, 1959; in...
Moderna Museet, Stockholm/Photograph: Statens Konstmuseer
Pieter Bruegel the Elder: Peasant Dance
Peasant Dance, oil on wood by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, c. 1568; in the...
© Fine Art Images—Heritage Images/Getty Images
Hiëronymus Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights
The Garden of Earthly Delights, oil-on-wood triptych by Hiëronymus Bosch,...
© Universal History Archive—Universal Images Group/Getty Image
Sidney Nolan: Kelly
Kelly, oil painting by Sidney Nolan, 1954; in a private collection.
Courtesy of the owner
Vincent van Gogh: Self-Portrait with Straw Hat
Self-Portrait with Straw Hat, oil on canvas by Vincent van Gogh, 1887; in...
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot (1876-1967), 1967, (67.187.70a), www. metmuseum.org
Johannes Vermeer: Young Woman with a Water Pitcher
Young Woman with a Water Pitcher, oil on canvas by Johannes Vermeer, c....
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Marquand Collection, Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1889 (89.15.21), www. metmuseum.org
Jacob van Ruisdael: Waterfall with a Low Wooded Hill
Waterfall with a Low Wooded Hill, oil painting by Jacob van Ruisdael, c....
Scala/Art Resource, New York
Canaletto: The Doges' Palace and Piazza San Marco, Venice
The Doges' Palace and Piazza San Marco, Venice, oil on canvas by Canaletto;...
Scala/Art Resource, New York
Alexandre-François Desportes: Still Life with Dressed Game, Meat, and Fruit
Still Life with Dressed Game, Meat, and Fruit, oil on canvas by Alexandre-François...
Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Chester Dale Fund, 2012.11.1
Alexandre-François Desportes: Landscape with a Dog and Partridges
Landscape with a Dog and Partridges, oil on canvas by Alexandre-François...
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Gift of The Ahmanson Foundation (AC1993.39.1), www.lacma.org
Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan
Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan, late 18th century.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, John L. Severance Fund (2001.45), www.clevelandart.org
brush
Various types of artist's brushes.
Vinegartom

Interactives

Britannica's Guide to Art Movements
From Abstract Expressionism to the Yuan Dynasty
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.