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Oral tradition refers to the transmission of knowledge, stories, and beliefs through spoken words, rather than written texts. It is the oldest form of human communication and has been essential for forming and maintaining societies for millennia.12

Oral literature encompasses the traditional forms of literature found in societies without writing, as well as genres transmitted by word of mouth in written civilizations. These forms include epics, folktales, songs, myths, legends, proverbs, and riddles. While oral tradition can interact with literacy, it dwarfs written literature in size, diversity, and social function. Even in societies with writing, much communication, including literary forms, still occurs orally.3415

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