movement

Kinetic art is art that includes mechanical parts that can be set in motion. This art form became significant in the 20th century, with pioneers like Naum Gabo, Marcel Duchamp, László Moholy-Nagy, and Alexander Calder. Kinetic sculptures can be moved by air currents, water, magnetism, electromechanical devices, or even spectator participation. The goal is to make movement an integral part of the artwork's design, not just an addition to a static object.12

While kinetic art specifically refers to art with moving parts, the concept of movement as an artistic element has been explored in painting for centuries. Painters have used arrangements of lines, shapes, and colors to guide the viewer's eye and create a sense of motion. Modernist movements like Futurism also embraced the idea of dynamic movement, often depicting speed and innovation.34