hollow modeling

Modeling in sculpture is an additive technique where artists build up form using pliable materials like clay or wax. Unlike carving, which removes material, modeling allows for corrections and additions. This ancient method involves shaping with hands and tools, and the resulting work can be fired for permanence or reproduced in other materials through casting. Modeled pieces can be preliminary sketches or finished artworks.1

For pottery sculpture, hollow modeling ensures even thickness for firing. This involves building hollow forms with walls of consistent thickness, similar to hand-built pottery. Alternatively, solid modeling creates a sculpture from solid clay, which is then hollowed out before firing. For casting in metal, a rigid model, often plaster, is required. This can be made by casting from a clay model or by direct plaster modeling over an armature.23