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A frame drum is a type of small, handheld drum with a narrow frame and typically a single membrane. These drums are often equipped with disk jingles and are played by striking the membrane with a hand or a stick. The tambourine is a common example of a frame drum.12

Frame drums have a long history, with evidence of their use in ancient cultures like Mesopotamia and Egypt. They became popular in Europe during the Middle Ages, particularly from the era of the Crusades. Frame drums were frequently used to accompany singing and were played by both men and women. Their shape can vary, and they may have one or two heads, sometimes featuring attached jingles or snares.32

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