debayashi

The term "debayashi" refers to onstage music in Japanese Kabuki theatre. This music is performed by musicians who are visible to the audience, often placed on risers or around the stage according to the play's scenic needs. The onstage ensemble typically includes nagauta musicians and the Noh hayashi (traditional Japanese instruments). The samisen and singers are usually positioned on a riser at the back of the stage, while the hayashi sit on the floor in front of them, earning them the name shitakata (those below).1

The music performed by the debayashi varies greatly depending on the dance and dramatic requirements of the play. It can involve intricate drum patterns, flute melodies, and vocal parts, often creating a complex interplay of sounds. This onstage music, combined with offstage music (geza), contributes to the overall atmosphere and dramatic effect of Kabuki performances.21