Manx literature

Manx literature primarily consists of folklore and religious texts, reflecting the historical influences on the Isle of Man. The Manx language, a Goidelic Celtic language, was spoken by the majority until the 19th century when English became dominant. Due to historical shifts in power, including Norse and English rule, a distinct aristocratic support for bardic traditions, as seen in Ireland and Scotland, did not develop on the island. Consequently, no medieval Manx literature survives.

The earliest written record is a translation of the Book of Common Prayer around 1610. Later translations of the Bible and other religious works appeared, alongside translations of secular works like Milton's Paradise Lost. Characteristic of Manx folk culture are ballads and carols, often focusing on local history and religious themes rather than just the Nativity. A revival of the Manx language began in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.123