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Cuban literature began to emerge in the late 18th century, with early 19th-century writers focusing on intellectualism and freedom. José Martí was a key figure in the Modernist movement, inspiring a generation of writers to seek independence from Spain. Post-revolution, writers like Reinaldo Arenas and Guillermo Cabrera Infante gained international recognition, though some faced government censorship. The short story became a prominent prose form, with notable novels by Alejo Carpentier and influential works by José Lezama Lima. Poets like Nicolás Guillén also played a significant role.123

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