penguin: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- AntarcticaBirds
- birdAnnotated classification
- Scottish National Zoological Park and Carnegie Aquarium
- charismatic megafauna
- procellariiformEvolution and paleontology
- birdCritical appraisal
- flightless bird
- reproductive behaviourCourtship
- sexCourtship
- locomotionTetrapodal vertebrates
- birdNesting
- What Is a Mega Penguin?
- Why Are There No Penguins at the North Pole?
Additional Reading
Tony D. Williams, The Penguins: Spheniscidae (1995), authoritatively discusses the family and devotes an illustrated section to each species. Thirteen/WNET and British Broadcasting Company, The World of Penguins (1995), is a video documentary originally broadcast as part of the television series Nature.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Frank Gill
- Jean Prevost
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: World Animal Rescue Network - Penguin. | Oct 25, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Philosophical Transactions B - Respiratory anatomy and physiology in diving penguins. | Jun 04, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Digital Commons at University of South Florida - Penguins: Paradoxes and Patterns (PDF). | Jan 02, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: BMC Genomics - Landscape genomics: natural selection drives the evolution of mitogenome in penguins. | Oct 17, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | May 29, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Genome-wide analyses reveal drivers of penguin diversification. | Mar 18, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Antarctic Survey - Penguins. | Feb 04, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 09, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Corner - Penguin. | Mar 07, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: A-Z Animals - Penguin. | Jan 22, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Diversity Web - Penguin. | Oct 18, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Evidence for a recent origin of penguins. | May 17, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Smithsonian Ocean - Penguin. | Oct 05, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Spruce - What Do Penguins Eat? | May 16, 2022 | ||
| Deleted photograph. | Feb 04, 2021 | ||
| Changed “any of 18 species” to “any of 18–21 species.” Noted that some classifications divide gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) into four species. | Feb 04, 2021 | ||
| Added video about penguins and illustration of Icadyptes. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Changed the common names for Spheniscus demersus and Eudyptula minor to "African penguin" and "blue penguin," respectively. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 20, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: Kidzworld - All About Penguins. | Jan 23, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: LiveScience - Penguin Facts: Species & Habitat. | Jan 23, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: Easy Science for Kids - Penguin. | Jan 23, 2017 | ||
| Text describing the radiation of early and modern penguin species added. | Dec 30, 2015 | ||
| Added outside link to a work mentioned in the bibliography. | Dec 30, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Penguins. | Apr 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Penguins. | Apr 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: World Wildlife Fund - Penguin. | Apr 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: A-Z Animals - Penguin. | Apr 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Nature - Penguins. | Apr 23, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Planet - Penguin. | Dec 26, 2013 | ||
| Interactive map of penguin species distribution added. | Apr 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: SeaWorld - Penguin. | Jan 29, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Penguin. | Jan 29, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Defenders of Wildlife - Penguin. | Aug 20, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Science Kids - Fun Science and Technology for Kids - Fun Penguin Facts for Kids. | Mar 16, 2012 | ||
| Penguin species count updated from 17 to 18 with the addition of the northern rockhopper (Eudyptes moseleyi). | Mar 25, 2011 | ||
| Added new Web site: Animal Planet - Penguin. | Apr 14, 2009 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 11, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Animals - Penguin. | May 22, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: SeaWorld - Penguin. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Pinguins.info - Penguin. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Public Broadcating Service - Penguin. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Van The Penguin Man - African Penguins. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Animal Trial - Penguin. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: TSE - Penguins. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Penguin.net - Erect-crested penguins. | Apr 02, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Penguin. | Feb 27, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Animal Corner - Penguin. | Feb 10, 2008 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 05, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment - Penguin. | Feb 13, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment - Penguin. | Feb 13, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Penguins of the World. | Oct 24, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: PBS Online - The World of Penguins. | Oct 24, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Penguins and Seabirds of the South Atlantic. | Sep 07, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 16, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 28, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | May 31, 2002 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |
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