nine-spined stickleback
Quick Summary
The nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) is a species of fish found in both Europe and America. It belongs to the stickleback family, Gasterosteidae, which includes about eight species known for their small size and elongated bodies, typically reaching a maximum length of about 18 cm (7 inches).12
A defining characteristic of sticklebacks is a row of spines on their back, positioned before a soft-rayed dorsal fin. They also have a sharp spine in each pelvic fin. The nine-spined stickleback is similar in size to the three-spined stickleback but has more dorsal spines.2
Sticklebacks are recognized for their intricate reproductive behaviors. During breeding season, males develop vibrant colors and build nests from plant materials. They then attract females to lay eggs in the nest, which the male fertilizes and diligently guards, caring for the eggs until they hatch.2
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