Monarch butterfly: References & Edit History
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
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Neil Bromhall
Neil Bromhall is an Emmy Award-winning wildlife cameraman and the son of Dr. Derek Bromhall, marine biologist and wildlife filmmaker for the BBC. His first assignment was in Kenya filming Kitum, the Elephant Cave (1985), where elephants go underground to dig for soda-rich rocks. Neil’s passion for underwater filming led to his qualification as a Dive Master in order to film such subjects as coral spawning in the Great Barrier Reef, lemon sharks giving birth to live young in Bimini, and dolphins being released in the Turks and Caicos. After four years filming around the world, Neil was asked to join the BBC team for filming The Private Life of Plants (1995) with Sir David Attenborough. Neil received an Emmy Award for his camerawork on the series. After 16 additional years of filming wildlife for the BBC, CNN, and others, Neil now specializes in macro and time-lapse filming in his studio in Oxford where he also works on his online garden plant database and website (Right Plants 4 Me) containing more than 10,500 photographs plus time-lapse sequences. The many films he’s contributed to include, among many others, Footprints in the Forest, The Life of Mammals, Life in the Undergrowth, Dangerous Australians, and Arachnophobia. The independent films he’s contributed to include Vampire Hunters, Blood Suckers, Crime Scene Creatures, and The World of the Unborn, among others.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Media added. | Nov 02, 2026 | ||
| Added a cross-reference to oyamel fir and added a module of related content. | Oct 23, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: World Animal Rescue Network - Monarch Butterfly. | Oct 17, 2026 | ||
| Expanded the physical description of adult and larval monarchs. Revised introduction. | Sep 09, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The Role of Experiments in Monarch Butterfly Conservation: A Review of Recent Studies and Approaches. | May 09, 2026 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Mar 20, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Monarch butterfly and milkweed declines substantially predate the use of genetically modified crops. | Feb 28, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Center for Biological Diversity - Monarch Butterfly. | Jan 16, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - Off Track - The bitter taste of the monarch butterfly. | Dec 04, 2025 | ||
| Added an image of monarchs clustered on an oyamel fir. | Oct 27, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution - Butterflies Across the Globe: A Synthesis of the Current Status and Characteristics of Monarch (Danaus plexippus) Populations Worldwide. | Oct 10, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: One Earth - The monarch butterfly: Nature's delicate voyager. | Feb 01, 2025 | ||
| Added interactive. | Aug 29, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 15, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Jul 02, 2024 | ||
| New interactive media added. | May 24, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cellpress - The Monarch Butterfly Genome Yields Insights into Long-Distance Migration. | Dec 07, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - Monarch. | Oct 12, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: AZ Animals - Monarch Butterfly. | Jun 23, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Diversity Web - Monarch butterfly. | May 09, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Smithsonian Institution - Monarch Butterflies. | Feb 15, 2023 | ||
| Added information about its status as an endangered species and expanded the description of its life cycle and migration. | Aug 31, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: World Wide Fund For Nature - Monarch Butterfly. | Apr 25, 2022 | ||
| Removed media. | Sep 10, 2021 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic Kids - Animals - Monarch Butterfly. | Nov 21, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: The National Wildlife Federation - Monarch Butterfly. | Oct 02, 2018 | ||
| Text revised to mention the occurrence of several different subspecies of monarch butterfly. | Jan 23, 2018 | ||
| Media added. | Dec 12, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Defenders of Wildlife - Monarch Butterfly. | Aug 20, 2012 | ||
| Added information on threats facing the successful migration and long-term survival of monarch butterflies. | Aug 17, 2011 | ||
| Added information on the mimetic relationship between the viceroy and monarch butterflies. | May 17, 2011 | ||
| Added information on subspecies of monarch butterflies and on wing and body morphology in relation to migration patterns and breeding behaviour. | Jan 27, 2010 | ||
| Added an image of a monarch butterfly. | Dec 18, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Animals - Monarch Butterfly. | Aug 28, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Environmental Education For Kids - Monarch Butterfly. | Jun 17, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Monarch Butterfly. | Feb 12, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Exotic Beetles - Monarch Butterfly. | Oct 30, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Fermilab - Monarch Butterfly and Milkweed. | Oct 30, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: DLTK's Sites - The Monarch Butterfly. | Oct 30, 2007 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 10, 2007 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Sep 29, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas - Monarch Watch. | Sep 12, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Annenberg Media: Teacher Professional Development - Journey North. | Aug 25, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Apr 07, 1999 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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