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lamp shells
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lamp shells brachiopod fossils Dielasma Illustration of various early sea animals on an ocean floor, including jellyfish, ammonites, crinoids, sponges, trilobites, brachiopods, sea scorpions, and a sea snail, with each species labeled. Illustration of an early Silurian coral-stromatoporoid community showing various labeled marine organisms, including corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, crinoids, trilobites, and a nautiloid, arranged on and around a block of seafloor substrate with a scale bar indicating centimeters. Silurian Pentamerus community Line graph showing the number of marine animal families from the Precambrian era to the present, with illustrations of key groups such as trilobites, ammonoids, marine reptiles, and diatoms. The graph highlights major extinction events and a rise to 1,900 living families today.
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lamp shells: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

There are few works specifically on lamp shells. M.J.S. Rudwick, Living and Fossil Brachiopods (1970), is a modern, readable, and comprehensive account. Raymond C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. H, Brachiopoda, 2 vol. (1965), is a technical, thorough account of brachiopods and their classification, with extensive topical bibliographies. Rex A. Doescher, Living and Fossil Brachiopod Genera, 1775–1979: Lists and Bibliography (1981), is also of interest.

G. Arthur Cooper The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Article Contributors

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  • G. Arthur Cooper
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Deleted Web site: Information from the Kansas Geological Survey. Sep 17, 2013
Added image of Devonian brachiopod fossils. Jan 28, 2011
Updated geologic time data. May 20, 2010
Geologic time data updated. Sep 11, 2009
Media added. Oct 14, 2008
Article revised and updated. Aug 11, 2008
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Animals - Brachiopod (Lamp Shell). May 29, 2008
Added new Web site: The College of Wooster - Brachiopod. Apr 24, 2008
Added new Web site: Kansas Geological Survey - Spiriferid and Terebratulid Brachiopods. Dec 18, 2007
Added new Web site: University of California, Berkeley: Museum of Paleontology - Introduction to the Brachiopoda. Jun 26, 2006
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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