eel: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
Additional Reading
L. Bertin, Eels: A Biological Study (1957; originally published in French, 1942), a comprehensive, readable account of the biology of freshwater eels; J. Schmidt, “The Breeding Places of the Eel,” Rep. Smithson. Instn. (1924), pp. 279–316 (1925), a summary by the original researcher of the classical biological study of eels; A.F. Bruun, “The Breeding of the North Atlantic Freshwater-Eels,” Adv. Mar. Biol., 1:137–170 (1963), an important review of the controversy regarding the eel life cycle; L. Bertin and C. Arambourg, “Anguilliformes,” in P.P. Grassé (ed.), Traité de Zoologie, 13:2314–2327 (1958), a classical text in French with a good coverage of eels; P.H.J. Castle, “The World of Eels,” Tuatara, 16:85–97 (1968), a general article of college-level difficulty, and “An Index and Bibliography of Eel Larvae,” Spec. Publs. Inst. Ichthyol. Rhodes Univ., 7:1–125 (1969), a comprehensive bibliographic index to leptocephali; F.W. Tesch, The Eel: Biology and Management of Anguillid Eels (1977).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Peter Henry John Castle
Reader in Zoology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Author of numerous papers on eels.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Biology Letters - Deep-ocean origin of the freshwater eels. | Oct 23, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: PBS - Nature - Eels. | Jun 19, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Genomics in Eels Towards Aquaculture and Biology. | Mar 14, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Eels individual migratory behavior stems from a complex syndrome involving cognition, behavior, physiology, and life history. | Jan 31, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - Conversations - The mystery of the eel. | Nov 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Human Dynamics - An Anguillid lens: how Eels reconnect people and waterways. | May 17, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Food and Agriculture of the United Nations - Order Anguilliformes Anguillidae (PDF). | Feb 01, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: IOPscience - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science - EEL (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) Rearing Techniques at the UPTD for Conservation and Supervision of Marine Fishery Resources of Sicincin, West Sumatra (PDF). | Dec 20, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Nagao Natural Environment Foundation - Anguilliformes. | Nov 05, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: European Commission - Eel. | Aug 24, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Corner - Galapagos Eels. | Apr 27, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Smithsonian Ocean - The Origin of Eels. | Nov 17, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: World Animal Foundation - The Secret Life and Mysterious Origins of the Eel. | May 25, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: A-Z Animals - Eel. | Mar 28, 2021 | ||
| Clarified Johannes Schmidt's claim of how European eels (Anguilla anguilla) and American eels (Anguilla rostrata) dispersed. Noted a study suggesting that these species return to their spawning grounds using a suite of navigational cues. | Dec 09, 2020 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Dec 19, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Eels. | May 11, 2018 | ||
| Species count changed from "more than 790" to "more than 800" species. | Jun 13, 2012 | ||
| Media added. | Jan 06, 2012 | ||
| Added image depicting three species of eel. | May 26, 2010 | ||
| New art depicting adult and larval forms of representative anguilliforms (eels) added. | Jan 12, 2010 | ||
| Added new Web site: Animal Planet - Eel. | Apr 15, 2009 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 08, 2009 | ||
| Media added. | Jan 08, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Aquatic Community - Peacock Eels. | Dec 26, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Dr. Jungles' Coral Reef Animals of The World - Marine Eels. | Dec 14, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Salt Corner - Eels. | Dec 11, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Animals - Eel. | May 26, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Eel. | Mar 03, 2008 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |