black-necked spitting cobra

snake

Also known as: Naja nigricollis, black-necked cobra

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Last updated

June 22, 2026

Quick Summary

The black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) is a species of highly venomous snake found in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily in savanna and semi-desert regions. These snakes are known for their ability to eject venom from their fangs when threatened, aiming for the eyes of a potential aggressor. This venom can cause intense pain and temporary or permanent blindness if not promptly washed away.12

While they can spray venom defensively, spitting cobras also deliver venom through biting to prey on small mammals, amphibians, reptiles, eggs, and birds. The venom contains toxins, including phospholipase-A2, which contribute to pain and can help neutralize threats. The black-necked spitting cobra is generally listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN, though habitat loss poses a threat.1

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cobra
…of southern Africa and the black-necked cobra (Naja nigricollis), a small form widely distributed in Africa, are spitters. Venom is accurately directed at the victim’s eyes at distances of more than two metres (6.5 feet) and may cause temporary, or even permanent, blindness unless promptly washed away. The Egyptian cobra…
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…of southern Africa and the black-necked cobra (Naja nigricollis), a small form widely distributed in Africa, are spitters. Venom is accurately directed at the victim’s eyes at distances of more than two metres (6.5 feet) and may cause temporary, or even permanent, blindness unless promptly washed away. The Egyptian cobra…
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spitting cobra
Species, range, and conservation status
…bites are rare least concern black-necked spitting cobra Naja nigricollis sub-Saharan Africa, primarily savanna and semi-desert regions a moderate-size snake; color varies across regions least concern Nubian spitting cobra Naja nubiae scattered distribution in North Africa, including parts of the Nile valley brownish-gray with a dark ring around the neck;
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…bites are rare least concern black-necked spitting cobra Naja nigricollis sub-Saharan Africa, primarily savanna and semi-desert regions a moderate-size snake; color varies across regions least concern Nubian spitting cobra Naja nubiae scattered distribution in North Africa, including parts of the Nile valley brownish-gray with a dark ring around the neck;
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