artiodactyl: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
Additional Reading
I.W. Cornwall, Bones for the Archaeologist, rev. ed. (1974), on the morphology and identification of bones including artiodactyls; J. Dorst and P. Dandelot, A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa, 2nd ed. (1972), giving summarized descriptions, habits, ecology, and distribution maps for all African artiodactyls; R.F. Ewer, Ethology of Mammals (1968, reissued 1973), a comprehensive text with much information on artiodactyl behaviour; V. Geist, “The Evolution of Horn-Like Organs,” Behaviour, 27:175–214 (1966), on the functional implications of horn shape; G.G. Simpson, “The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals,” Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 85 (1945), which forms the basis for most modern classifications of artiodactyls; T. Haltenorth in W. Kukenthal and T. Krumbach, Handbuch der Zoologie, vol. 8, pp. 1–167, Klassifikation der Säugetiere: Artiodactyla (1963), a weighty classification of artiodactyls (in German); V.G. Heptner, A.A. Nasimovic, and A.G. Bannikov (eds.), Die Säugetiere der Sowjetunion, vol. 1, Paarhufer und Unpaarhufer (1966), a massive work on Eurasian ungulates, most of it dealing with artiodactyls, originally published in Russian in 1961; A. Keast, “Comparisons of the Contemporary Mammalian Faunas of the Southern Continents,” Q. Rev. Biol., 44:121–167 (1969), a review of zoogeography and adaptations, with further references; P.S. Martin and H.E. Wright (eds.), Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause (1967), a collection of essays on Pleistocene extinctions involving artiodactyls; D. Morris, The Mammals (1965), a general account with illustrations; G.B. Schaller, The Deer and the Tiger (1967, reprinted 1984), a study of the life of Indian artiodactyls; C.A. Spinage, The Book of the Giraffe (1968), much information well presented for the general reader; W.P. Taylor (ed.), The Deer of North America (1956, reissued 1969), on all aspects of the life of North American deer; J.Z. Young, The Life of Vertebrates, 3rd ed. (1981), containing a chapter on artiodactyls; and F.E. Zeuner, A History of Domesticated Animals (1963), a useful source for much information difficult to find elsewhere.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
-
Alan William Gentry
Former Principal Scientific Officer, Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London. Author of numerous research papers on Old World hoofed mammals.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The carotid rete and artiodactyl success. | Oct 09, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Scientific Reports - Multi-aged social behaviour based on artiodactyl tracks in an early Miocene palustrine wetland (Ebro Basin, Spain). | Jul 12, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Drivers of the artiodactyl turnover in insular western Europe at the EoceneOligocene Transition. | May 29, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Valencia - The Evolution of the Artiodactyls (PDF). | Jan 06, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Variable social organization is ubiquitous in Artiodactyla and probably evolved from pair-living ancestors. | Jun 26, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Canadian Encyclopedia - Artiodactyla. | Apr 01, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The carotid rete and artiodactyl success. | Jan 24, 2024 | ||
| Added a cross-reference to hoof. | Dec 14, 2023 | ||
| Links added. | Sep 29, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Animal Diversity Web - Artiodactyla. | Jan 12, 2023 | ||
| Changed "the chevrotains (Tragulidae), with three species in Asia" to "the chevrotains (Tragulidae), with nine species in Asia" in the section Abundance and distribution. | Dec 12, 2019 | ||
| Added video. | Mar 06, 2015 | ||
| Added video. | Dec 19, 2014 | ||
| Species count of Order Artiodactyla changed from "about 150" to "about 200." | Dec 13, 2013 | ||
| Species count of Order Artiodactyla changed from "about 150" to "about 200." | Dec 13, 2013 | ||
| Species name for Thomson's gazelle changed from Gazella thomsoni to Eudorcas thomsonii. | Dec 12, 2013 | ||
| Added numerous images of artiodactyls. | Aug 20, 2010 | ||
| Changed formatting of geologic time references. | Aug 20, 2010 | ||
| Added image of bontebok. | Jun 30, 2010 | ||
| Geologic time data updated. | Sep 15, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: University of California, Berkeley: Museum of Paleontology - Introduction to the Artiodactyla. | Jun 26, 2006 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 23, 1999 |