apterygote: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

K. Christiansen, “Bionomics of Collembola,” A. Rev. Ent., 9:147–178 (1964), a concise review of the early literature; A.D. Imms, Imm’s General Textbook of Entomology, 10th ed. rev. by O.W. Richards and R.G. Davies, 2 vol. (1977), the standard textbook; S.M. Manton, “Introduction to Classification of Arthropoda,” in R.C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. R, Arthropoda 4 (1969), a brief coverage of the subject; Z. Massoud, “Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles Poduromorphes à pièces buccales modifiées,” Biologie de l’Amérique Australe, 3:7–399 (1967), an important revision and classification of Collembola with sucking mouthparts; J. Paclt, Biologie der primär flügellosen Insekten (1956), an extensive review of earlier literature and research; J.T. Salmon, An Index to the Collembola, 3 vol. (1964–65); A.G. Sharov, Basic Arthropodan Stock: With Special Reference to Insects (1966), an excellent work that is based on personal paleontological research and emphasizes phylogenetic relationships from worms to winged insects; S.L. Tuxen, Protura (1964, reissued 1986), a taxonomic coverage of this group.

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Keith Arthur John Wise
    Entomologist, Auckland Institute and Museum, New Zealand.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: NC State - Agriculture and Life Sciences - Apterygote Insects. Feb 28, 2018
Article revised and updated. May 30, 2017
Added photos of different types of apterygotes. May 30, 2017
Updated geologic time data. May 25, 2010
Article revised and updated. Mar 01, 2007
Article added to new online database. May 04, 1999
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