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anomalure, (family Anomaluridae), any of seven African species of rodents comprising the large anomalures (genus Anomalurus), pygmy anomalures (genus Idiurus), and flightless anomalure (genus Zenkerella). All live in tropical forests, and the large and pygmy anomalures are the only gliding mammals in Africa. Anomalures have lightly built skeletons and slender bodies with long limbs and strong, curved claws. The eyes are large, and the fur is dense and silky. Two rows of prominent, overlapping, keeled...