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The family Potamotrygonidae, commonly known as freshwater stingrays, are a distinct group of rays found exclusively in the rivers and streams of tropical South America. These fish share many characteristics with other stingrays, such as their flattened bodies and venomous tail spines used for defense. However, their adaptation to freshwater environments sets them apart from their marine relatives. They are bottom dwellers and feed on invertebrates.12

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